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Who is missing from the data?

A sampling frame defines who could enter the data and who could not.

Statistics & dataTopic · Selected readingSome background helpful
Background and goal

Try the short introduction first, or bring equivalent reading experience. Obtain the specified text before beginning the longer reading.

Design a library-use survey and identify two groups an online-only questionnaire could miss.

Useful preparation

Start here if the background is new. Equivalent experience is enough.

Your pathway

5 steps · 14 hours
  1. 01

    Locate the reading

    0.25h · week 1
    Reading notes and task
    First fifteen minutesCheck the edition or article version and locate the passages below. Write the question you want the reading to resolve.
    Your outputEdition and passage record
  2. 02

    Study the opening

    4h · week 1
    Introductory Statistics 2e

    OpenStax · book

    Chapter 1, sampling and experimental design

    Free full text

    Open the reading
    Reading notes and task

    Introductory Statistics 2e. A sampling frame defines who could enter the data and who could not.

    Try thisRead Chapter 1, sampling and experimental design. Reconstruct the central argument using premises and a conclusion.
    Your outputArgument reconstruction
    Check your understanding

    Answer this question in your own words: Who is missing from the data?

    Hint

    Name the claim, then explain why a reader might accept it.

    Compare with an example answer

    A sampling frame defines who could enter the data and who could not.

    What to look for

    • States a claim that addresses the question
    • Connects the claim to a passage or observation
    • Separates the author’s argument from personal agreement

    Common mistake: Summarising a biography instead of explaining the argument.

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  3. 03

    Read for contrast

    5h · week 2
    Introductory Statistics 2e

    OpenStax · book

    Chapter 1, sampling and experimental design

    Free full text

    Open the reading
    Reading notes and task

    Introductory Statistics 2e. A sampling frame defines who could enter the data and who could not.

    Try thisRead Chapter 1, sampling and experimental design. Compare two passages that put pressure on your initial interpretation.
    Your outputTwo-passage comparison
  4. 04

    Develop an example

    3h · week 3
    Reading notes and task
    Try thisDesign a library-use survey and identify two groups an online-only questionnaire could miss.
    Your outputWorked example
    Check your understanding

    What would make your activity a convincing example?

    Hint

    Design a library-use survey and identify two groups an online-only questionnaire could miss.

    Compare with an example answer

    A useful response carries out the task: Design a library-use survey and identify two groups an online-only questionnaire could miss. It records the observation or passage used and explains how it bears on the question.

    What to look for

    • Completes the specific task
    • Shows evidence or reasoning rather than only a conclusion
    • Identifies an alternative explanation or reading

    Common mistake: Presenting an opinion without showing the example it rests on.

    Start this pathway to keep your answers in My learning.

  5. 05

    Write a considered response

    1.75h · week 4
    Reading notes and task
    Try thisWrite a response to “Who is missing from the data?” that uses both passages and tests its own conclusion. Missingness cannot be repaired merely by calculating a precise average.
    Your outputReasoned response with references
    Check your understanding

    What is one conclusion this reading does not establish?

    Hint

    Test the boundary: Missingness cannot be repaired merely by calculating a precise average.

    Compare with an example answer

    Missingness cannot be repaired merely by calculating a precise average.

    What to look for

    • States a specific limit
    • Explains why the reading does not warrant the stronger conclusion
    • Distinguishes a limitation from dismissing the work

    Common mistake: Treating a useful interpretation as an unrestricted fact.

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All 1 resources

Background, different viewpoints, and further reading.

  • Introductory Statistics 2e

    OpenStaxbookcore

    A sampling frame defines who could enter the data and who could not.

    Chapter 1, sampling and experimental design