Translation of Ludwig Boltzmann’s 1877 paper on thermodynamic probability

Ludwig Boltzmann (original author) · Kim Sharp (translator) · Franz Matschinsky (translator)2015paper

Sharp and Matschinsky’s 2015 English translation and commentary on Boltzmann’s 1877 paper. The year records this translation, not the original publication.

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How to study this source

  • Why does time have an arrow?

    coreBoltzmann’s counting example and equilibrium state probabilities

    Follow a finite counting example. Keep the 2015 translation distinct from the original 1877 work.

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Read background definitions when a term blocks the argument. Then return to the source and reconstruct its claim in your own words.

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